How and When Pregnancy Tests Work

Pregnancy tests rely on the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein that is secreted by the placenta shortly after fertilization. The placenta begins developing after the fertilized egg implants in a womans uterus, which happens about six days after conception, so the earliest these tests can be used to detect pregnancy is about six days post-conception. Wait to Take Test Fertilization does not necessarily take place the same day as intercourse, so most women are advised to wait until they miss their period before trying a pregnancy test. Levels of hCG double about every two days in a pregnant woman, so the test increases in reliability over time The tests work by binding the hCG hormone from either blood or urine to an antibody and an indicator. The antibody will bind only to hCG; other hormones will not give a positive test result. The usual indicator is a pigment molecule, present in a line across a home pregnancy urine test. Highly sensitive tests could use a fluorescent or radioactive molecule attached to the antibody, but these methods are unnecessary for an over-the-counter diagnostic test. The tests available  over-the-counter versus those obtained at the doctors office are the same. The primary difference is the decreased chance of user error by a trained technician. Blood tests are equally sensitive at any time. Urine tests tend to be most sensitive using urine from early morning which tends to be more concentrated (meaning it would have the highest levels of hCG.) False Positives and Negatives Most medications, including birth control pills and antibiotics, do not affect the results of pregnancy tests. Alcohol and illegal drugs do not affect the test results either. The only drugs that can cause a false positive are those containing the pregnancy hormone hCG in them (usually used for treating infertility.) Some tissues in a non-pregnant woman can produce hCG, but the levels are normally too low to be within the detectable range of the tests. Also, about half of all conceptions dont proceed to pregnancy, so there may be chemical positives for a pregnancy that wont progress. For some urine tests, evaporation may form a line that could be interpreted as a positive. This is why tests have a time limit for examining the results. Its untrue that urine from a man will give a positive test result. Although the level of hCG rises overtime for a pregnant woman, the quantity of hCG produced in one woman is different from the amount produced in another. This means some women may not have enough hCG in their urine or blood at six days post-conception to see a positive test result. All tests on the market should be sensitive enough to give a highly accurate result (about 97% to 99%) by the time a woman misses her period.

Identity Checking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 323 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Workplace safety is a very important aspect that every employee needs to uphold, especially in treating the people visiting the work premise. These people may pose a security problem or may not know the laid down procedure of accessing the premise. Using agreed ways of checking the identity of these people requesting information or access to a premise is very important. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Identity Checking" essay for you Create order Working as a health assistant in the eye casualty section of the hospital, I often meet many people such as patients, health professionals, contractors, suppliers, and government agents. Understanding their identity is key in helping them and bringing order in the hospital. The agreed way of checking for the identity of anyone requesting access to a premise, first is checking whether the person had an appointment that day (Briella, 2016). This is available in the hospital diaries or visitor books. One can also call the manager or a doctor that day and confirm whether the individual had an appointment. Another step is checking their official identity cards, such as driving license, professional ID, passport, photo ID, wristbands or description of medical records in case the person is a patient. This information is vital in understanding the needs of the person in accessing the premise. The agreed way of finding the identity of a person seeking for information in the work place is by checking for their IDs. This will reveal whether the person is a professional, supplier, contractor or a patient seeking clarification. One can get electronic information of the person using secured password systems. It is imperative to have an understanding on the protocols of handling electronic information requests and confidentiality of this information (Briella, 2016). As personnel in the health sector, it is also imperative to wear badges and photo IDs. This will make it easier for doctor, patients, other staff and visitors to identify you so that you can help them. These procedures helps in avoiding many cases related to danger.

What is Spillover Essay - 612 Words

What is spillover? How does spillover lead to underestimation of the impact unions have on wages? According to Newman, Garth, and Milkovich, spillover theory is the theory where workers are thought to participate in leisure activities that have characteristics similar to their job-related activities and tasks (Singh Selvarajan 2013). Respectively, those theories are similar and different depend on the situation. For instance, spillover theory can be a reflection of the positive correlations between types of activities engaged in at work. Also, there are positive correlations between subjective reactions to work and to leisure and family life. More importantly, there are exceptions to the spillover concern in retrospective to physical†¦show more content†¦Why don’t many public sector unions have the right to strike, a weapon almost universally guaranteed in the private sector? Though, unions are declining, the role of union have evolved over time. Now, it is more common to view unions’ primary role as collective bargaining, which is the product of the economic decision and making process with unionism of the private sector. A long time ago, Union was seen as the shield that protects American workers against some of the abusive employers. Many public sector employees have unionized. However, the National Labor Relations Act was designed for the private sector. Despite that, union has become a model for most public sector collective bargaining right. Regardless of the success that Unions have with collective bargaining in the private sector, there are still a few who are opposed collective bargaining in the public sector. Of course, there are some differences between the public and private sectors. One of the many arguments is that most, if not all public sector service(s) service is monopolistic. Often time, there is one source of supply for a government service. For example, residents of a city have one fire department, one police department, and one system of public education. Even though each of those entities, many of them have different branches, they are all fall underShow MoreRelatedWhat Value Of The Project Itself Its Spillover Effects On The Hk Economy1527 Words   |  7 PagesEstimated Future State The â€Å"Spillovers† and â€Å"HKSAR valuation† tabs in the attached Excel workbook show how we calculated the value of the project itself, its spillover effects to the HK economy, and the overall net benefit to Hong Kong. We essentially did a traditional discounted cash flow analysis. We had to make assumptions and estimations of the future value of variables such as the HK inflation rate, tourist growth rate, etc. Based on historical data, analyst projections, and market researchRead MoreCritical Ideas of Innovation Management: Advantages and Disadvantages1084 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge spillover (LKS) is a comparatively recent idea that pertains to one or a few agents of another field or company (generally in research and technology) ending up, intentionally or otherwise, using the innovative ideas of another individual as part of their research . There are various problems with LKS many of which are dealt with economists. 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Edgar Allen Poe The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado free essay sample

This paper examines Poes life and how it related to his dark fiction. This essay compares and contrasts two of Edgar Allen Poes frightening and haunting tales, The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado. The author also cites parallels between the stories and Poes dark life. The paper analyzes Poes imagery and effective narrative style. From the paper: Best known for his poems and short fiction, Edgar Allan Poe deserves more credit than any other writer for the transformation of the short story from anecdote to art. He virtually created the detective story and perfected the psychological thriller (Anonymous Edgar Allan Poe POE.HTM). All of Edgar Alan Poes work is known for its use of all elements of writing in portraying incredible stories that often haunt the reader. He was skilled in every aspect of writing it seems, especially in relationship to anything that was slightly obscure or eerie, which are also elements of the writer himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Edgar Allen Poe: The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His stories The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado are no exceptions to these conditions or realities.